Affiliated Experts Semhar Araia Sabrineh Ardalan Craig Anthony (Tony) Arnold Chad Austin Shaun Byrnes Sandra Canfield Daniel H. Cole Laura Dickinson Mark A. Drumbl Gregory H. Fox Robert Gardner Christopher M. Goebel Leslie Griffin Amos Guiora Richard Johnson Eric J. Kadel, Jr Kathleen Kelly Orde Kittrie Frederick Lorenz Linda A. Malone Courtney Meade Peter Moyes John Murphy Brenda Pearson Michael Rowe William Schabas Scott Silliman William Spencer Stephen Stec Andre M. Surena Robert Turner Melissa Waters Geoffrey R. Watson Adam Wilczewski David Wippman Biographies Christian Ahlund is the Executive Director of International Legal Assistance Consortium (ILAC), an umbrella organisation for a number of international associations of judges, prosecutors and lawyers, with the objective of resurrecting judicial systems in post-conflict countries. ILAC was formed in 2002 and has its head-quarters in Stockholm. Its thirty-three member organizations represent more that three million individuals world-wide. ILAC has initiated legal reform activities in Afghanistan, Iraq and Liberia. Ahlund is a senior partner of the Swedish law firm Sju Advokater and a member of the Swedish Bar. Since the mid 1980s Ahlund has had recurring international assignments in the fields of human rights and international law. During the second half of the 1980s and early 1990s, Ahlund was a member of a government commission, which advised the Swedish Goverment on politically sensitive matters of assistance to opposition groups in South Africa and Central America . During this period he travelled extensively in these regions. In 1990-1991 Ahlund was part of an international team, appointed by the International Commission of Jurists in Geneva, which investigated the internecine violence in South African townships. During the latter half of the 1990s, Ahlund's main field of activity became the Balkans, particularly Bosnia-Hercegovina. In 1997, he was posted in Sarajevo as Director General for Human Rights for the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Mission to Bosnia-Hercegovina. In December 1999, he was appointed jointly by the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia-Hercegovina and OSCE to serve as chair of a group of national and international experts with the task of drafting legislation in the fields of defamation and freedom of information. The group's law proposals were presented in March 2001 and have subsequently been transformed into law by the Bosnian parliament. In his capacity as chair of the Human Rights Commission of the Swedish Bar Association 1998 -2003, Ahlund was engaged in projects with the purpose of upgrading the bar associations in Republika Srpska and Macedonia. Since January 2003 Ahlund chairs the Human Rights Committee of CCBE (the Council of Bars and Law Societies in the European Union. In June 2005, Ahlund was appointed as the Swedish representative to the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). Ahlund has published articles in Swedish and international press on human rights, international law and politics. Staminir A. Alexandrov focuses his practice in the areas of international dispute resolution, including international arbitration, and disputes before the World Trade Organization, as well as international business transactions and trade and investment policy. He has advised and represented private and sovereign clients in arbitration under investment treaties, and private parties and governments in WTO disputes. In addition, Mr. Alexandrov has advised foreign clients on capital markets transactions, trademark protection and expanding distribution and sales networks. Mr. Alexandrov is appointed to the Panel of Arbitrators and the Panel of Conciliators of the World Bank’s International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Professor Tony Arnold is the Boehl Chair in Property and Land Use. He is also the Chair of the Center for Environmental Law, a part of the University of Louisville 's interdisciplinary Kentucky Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development. A nationally recognized scholar in the environmental regulation of land use and property, he teaches in the areas of property law, land use planning and regulation, environmental law, water law, and real estate transactions. Scholars have selected his article on property as a web of interests in the Harvard Environmental Law Review as one of the 10 best environmental and land use articles published in 2002, and his article "Working Out an Environmental Ethic: Anniversary Lessons from Mono Lake" (originally given as the Rudolph Distinguished Visiting Lecture at the University of Wyoming) as one of the 20 best environmental and land use articles published in 2004. Professor Arnold has also published extensively on the relationship between environmental justice and land use planning and regulation, among other topics. His most recent book is Wet Growth: Should Water Law Control Land Use? (Environmental Law Institute 2005). Much of his research and teaching focuses on collaborative problem-solving, informed by interdisciplinary insights and case studies. Professor Arnold received his Doctor of Jurisprudence with Distinction from Stanford Law School, where he was founding Executive Editor of the Stanford Law & Policy Review and Graduate Student Fellow in the Center for Conflict and Negotiation. He received his Bachelor of Arts with Highest Distinction from the University of Kansas, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and earned two national honors, the Harry S. Truman Scholarship and the TIME Magazine College Achievement Award. Professor Arnold came to Brandeis School of Law in 2005 with substantial prior experience in both law practice and legal education. He clerked for a federal appellate judge (the Honorable James K. Logan, 10th Circuit) and practiced law for several years with the largest and oldest law firm in San Antonio, Texas. Professor Arnold taught at Stanford Law School, the University of Puerto Rico Law School, the University of Wyoming College of Law (as the E. George Rudolph Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law), and Chapman University School of Law in Orange, CA (as the Bollinger Chair in Real Estate, Land Use, and Environmental Law, and Director of the Center for Land Resources), where he was voted Professor of the Year by the student body. In San Antonio, Texas, he was a city attorney for two municipalities, a member of the Board of Directors for the Texas Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Immigrant & Refugee Rights Project, and vice president and pro bono general counsel of a micro-enterprise loan fund. He served as Chairman of the Planning Commission of Anaheim, California. Dr. Kelly Dawn Askin , BS, JD, PhD (law) currently serves as Senior Legal Officer, International Justice, with Open Society Justice Initiative. She is also a 2004-2005 Fulbright New Century Scholar on the Global Empowerment of Women and Fellow, Yale Law School . Kelly has taught or served as a visiting scholar at Notre Dame, Washington College of Law, Harvard, and Yale. She also served as Executive Director of the International Criminal Justice Institute and American University ’s War Crimes Research Office. Kelly has served as an expert consultant, legal advisor, or international law trainer to prosecutors, judges, and registry at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia , the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , the Serious Crimes Unit in East Timor, the International Criminal Court, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone . She has lectured in over 65 countries and has published extensively in international criminal law, international humanitarian law, and gender justice, including her book War Crimes Against Women: Prosecution in International War Crimes Tribunals (1997) and the three volume treatise Women and International Human Rights Law (1999, 2001, 2002, co-editor). She serves on the board of several organizations, including the Executive Board of the American Branch of the International Law Association, the International Judicial Academy , International Criminal Law Services, and the International Journal of Criminal Law. W. C. Austin is an assistant professor for the Department of Law at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado. Courses he has taught include National Security Law; International Law; International Humanitarian Law; War Crimes, Genocide & Human Rights; Law for Commanders; Law for the Junior Officer and Advanced Topics in Military Law. Prior to joining the faculty at the Air Force Academy, Professor Austin served on active duty as a United States Navy Judge Advocate General including an assignment in the Department of Law at the United States Naval Academy. Holding the grade of Lieutenant Commander, Professor Austin is a member of the Navy Reserve JAG Corps. Professor Austin received his juris doctorate from the University of Cincinnati College of Law and is licensed in Ohio and Illinois. Ilan Berman is Vice President for Policy at the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington , DC . An expert on regional security in the Middle East , Central Asia and the Russian Federation , he has consulted for both the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. Department of Defense, and provided assistance on foreign policy and national security issues to a range of governmental agencies and congressional offices. Mr. Berman is Adjunct Professor for International Law and Global Security at the National Defense University in Washington, DC . He also serves as a member of the reconstituted Committee on the Present Danger, and as Editor of the Journal of International Security Affairs. Eric Blinderman served for 14 months in Iraq, first as an Associate General Counsel of the Coalition Provisional Authority and later as Chief Legal Counsel to the Regime Crimes Liaison Office. During his time in Iraq, Eric advised senior members of the United States and Iraqi governments on matters of public international law, commercial law reform, and international criminal law. He worked principally with the Iraqi Special Tribunal as it prepared to try members of the former regime (including Saddam Hussein) for atrocities committed against the Iraqi people. To that end, he assisted in the drafting of the Tribunal’s Rules of Evidence and Procedure, coordinated various training conferences for the Tribunal’s members, and aided in the collection of forensic and other evidence necessary for ongoing prosecutions. Eric has a J.D. cum laude from Cornell Law School and was awarded an M.St. in international law from the University of Oxford with distinction. In addition, he has served as a law clerk to a United States federal judge and worked at the United Nations Development Program, the Preparatory Commission for the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, and the Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy. He is the author of several articles on international law and is currently an attorney at the New York office of Proskauer Rose LLP. Daniel H. Cole is the R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law at the Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, where he teaches and writes about the law and economics of Property, Natural Resources, and Environmental Protection. He also writes extensively about Poland and Polish law. Since his arrival at Indiana University in 1991, Professor Cole has received numerous teaching awards, and published four books and more than two dozen law review articles and essays. One of his books – Instituting Environmental Protection: From Red to Green in Poland (Macmillan and St. Martin’s, 1998) – received the prestigious AAASS/Orbis Polish Book Prize in 1999. Professor Cole’s most recent books are Pollution and Property: Comparing Ownership Institutions for Environmental Protection (Cambridge University Press 2002) and The End of Natural Monopoly: Deregulation and Competition in the Electric Power Industry (JAI Press 2003) (with Peter Z. Grossman). Professor Cole is a Life Member of Clare Hall (College for Advanced Study), Cambridge, and he has been a Visiting Scholar in the Faculties of Law and Land Economy at the University of Cambridge. During the Fall of 2001, Professor Cole was the John S. Lehmann Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Washington University in St. Louis. Professor Cole received his JD, cum laude, with Certificate in Environmental and Natural Resources Law, from the Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark College, and his JSD from Stanford University. He is currently at work on two book projects Principles of Law and Economics (Prentice-Hall, forthcoming 2004) (with Peter. Z. Grossman) and Natural Resources Law (West, forthcoming 2004) (with Jan Laitos et al.). Laura Dickinson joined the Faculty of University of Connecticut School of Law as Associate Professor of Law in September 2000. Professor Dickinson holds an A.B. from Harvard University and a J.D. from Yale, where she served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal and co-editor in chief of the Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities. She has served as a judicial law clerk for Judge Dorothy Nelson of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and Justice Harry Blackmun and of the U.S. Supreme Court. While at the Supreme Court, Professor Dickinson also performed full law clerk duties for Justice Stephen Breyer. Professor Dickinson subsequently served as an appellate litigation fellow at the Georgetown University Law Center. Her previous position was as Senior Policy Advisor to Harold Hongju Koh, Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Professor Dickinson's interests include international human rights, the first amendment, immigration law, and constitutional law. Mark A. Drumbl is an Associate Professor of Law with tenure and Ethan Allen Faculty Fellow at Washington and Lee University. Prof. Drumbl has taught or served as a visiting fellow at Oxford, Vanderbilt, Columbia, and the University of Arkansas-- Little Rock. His research and teaching interests include international law, global environmental governance, contracts, transitional justice, criminal law, comparative law, and law and development. He is currently working on a book that explores punishment for perpetrators of mass atrocity trans-systemically across various international, national, and local legal orders. Professor Drumbl’s scholarship has appeared in the NYU, Michigan, Northwestern, Tulane, and North Carolina law reviews, a number of peer-review journals, including Human Rights Quarterly, with shorter review pieces in the American Journal of International Law and Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. He also has authored chapters in edited volumes and participated in numerous symposia. In 2005 his work received the AALS Scholarly Papers Prize and in 2003 the International Association of Penal Law (U.S. Section) Best Article Prize. Prior to entering law teaching, Professor Drumbl was judicial clerk to Justice Frank Iacobucci of the Supreme Court of Canada. His practice experience includes international arbitration, commercial litigation, and he was appointed co-counsel for the Canadian Chief-of-Defense-Staff before the Royal Commission investigating military wrongdoing in the UN Somalia Mission. Professor Drumbl has served as an expert in litigation in the U.S. federal courts, as defense counsel in the Rwandan genocide trials, and has taught international law in Pakistan. Michael J. Dziedzic joined the United States Institute of Peace in June 2001 as a program officer in the Balkans Initiative. A retired colonel in the U.S. Air Force, before joining the Institute, Dziedzic was a senior military fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies where he focused on peace operations, Latin American regional security affairs, and transnational security threats. During his thirty-year career with the Air Force, he served in a variety of capacities including tenured professor in the Political Science Department at the U.S. Air Force Academy; professor of national security studies at the National War College; strategic military planner for the United Nations Mission in Kosovo; political-military planner at the Pentagon; air attaché at the U.S. Embassy in El Salvador; and visiting fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. Among his various publications, Dziedzic co-edited with Robert Oakley Policing the New World Disorder: Peace Operations and Public Security (1998) and wrote Mexico: Converging Challenges (1989). A graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy, Dziedzic received his Ph.D. in government from the University of Texas at Austin . Alina D. Eldred is an associate based in the Washington, D.C. office. Ms. Eldred's practice focuses on antitrust litigation and antitrust counseling. Ms. Eldred joined Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP in 2003. She received a J.D. degree from Stanford Law School in 2003, a Master's degree from American University's School of International Service in 2000, and an undergraduate degree, summa cum laude, from American University's School of International Service in 1998. Ms. Eldred is a member of the Bars in the District of Columbia and New York. Gregory H. Fox specializes in international law. He joined Wayne State Law School in 2002 and is now an Associate Professor of Law. Prior to joining the Wayne faculty, Professor Fox was an Assistant Professor of Law at Chapman Law School in Orange, California. Dr. Allan Gerson is chairman of the Gerson International Law Group PLLC, a Washington, DC based firm which specializes in complex international law issues. Gerson has long been involved in the struggle for accountability against sponsors and supporters of international terrorism. He brought the first suit against a foreign state ( Libya) on behalf of the families of the victims of the Pan Am 103 Lockerbie bombing. He was also instrumental on passage of the 1996 law (The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act) that makes it possible today for U.S. citizens to hold foreign governments accountable in U.S. courts for complicity in terrorism. His work on behalf of the families of Pan Am flight 103 is chronicled in The Price of Terror (2001, HarperCollins), co-authored with Jerry Adler of Newsweek. Presently he is engaged (with lead co-counsel, Ron Motley) in a lawsuit against Saudi and other interests filed on August 15, 2002 on behalf of families of victims of the 9/11 attacks; and in a law suit filed on December 21, 2004 in the Eastern District of New York, against the Arab Bank, filed on behalf of over 700 victims of Hamas related terrorist acts. Gerson earned his J.D. at New York University Law School, his LL.M. from Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and J.S.D. in international law from Yale Law School. He joined the U.S. Justice Department in 1977 and has been the recipient of two Distinguished Performance citations. He was the first trial lawyer to join (1979) the Justice Department’s Office of Special Investigations (OSI), aimed at deporting Nazi collaborators. In 1981, Gerson became Counsel to U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Jeane Kirkpatrick, and then to her successor, General Vernon Walters. Afterwards, he served as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Legal Counsel and Counselor for International Affairs at the U.S. Department of Justice. From 1986 to 1989 he was a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and from 1989 to 1995 he served as a Distinguished Professor of International Law and Transactions at George Mason University. From 1998-2000, he served as Senior Fellow for International Law and Organizations at the Council on Foreign Relations. Since 1991 he has also served in various capacities in private law practice and in 2003 was asked to join the U.S. Delegation to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights as Senior Counsel. His other books include Lawyers’ Ethics: Contemporary Dilemmas (1980), Israel, The West Bank and International Law (1978), The Kirkpatrick Mission: Diplomacy Without Apology (1991), and Privatizing Peace: From Conflict to Security (2002). Leslie Griffin holds the Larry & Joanne Doherty Chair in Legal Ethics at the University of Houston Law Center, where she teaches constitutional law, professional responsibility and torts. Professor Griffin's publications focus on legal ethics, professionalism, the First Amendment, and the relevance of religious ethics to law and politics. She holds a Ph.D. from Yale University in Religious Studies as well as a J.D. from Stanford Law School. Lt. Col. Amos Guiora joins the law faculty of Case School of Law in the 2004-2005 academic year to teach courses on National Security Law and Counter-Terrorism, and will be involved in the development of National Security Law programs. Lt. Col. Guiora served for 19 years in the Israel Defence Forces Judge Advocate General Corps, where he held a number of senior command positions, including Commander of the IDF School of Military Law, Judge Advocate for the Navy and Home Front Command, and Legal Advisor to the Gaza Strip. He had command responsibility for the development of an interactive software program that teaches soldiers and commanders a code of conduct based on International Law, Israeli Law, and the IDF code. An international expert, Lt. Col. Guiora has been interviewed extensively by the media, including CNN, BBC, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, and The Christian Science Monitor on policy and legal questions arising from military occupation. Marshall Freeman Harris is senior policy advisor in Alston & Bird’s Washington, D.C. office. A member of the Legislative and Public Policy Group, he advises clients on business development, international policy, and other issues, and specializes in assisting foreign governments with issues before the U.S. Administration and Congress. Since 1999, Mr. Harris has served as foreign policy adviser to former Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole. Mr. Harris’ background also includes eight years as a U. S. State Department official in the Executive Secretariat and European Bureau and as a special assistant in the Office of Secretary of State James Baker. He also served the State Department in Britain, Bulgaria, and Macedonia. During his tenure, he received Superior and Meritorious Honor Awards and shared in four Group Superior Honor Awards. He also won the American Foreign Service Association’s Rifkin Award for creative dissent. More recently, Mr. Harris served as foreign policy adviser to Congressman Frank McCloskey; as co-founder of the Action Council for Peace in the Balkans and the Balkan Institute; as a vice president and senior scholar at Freedom House; as partner in the Washington International Group; and as a principal in the law firm of Verner Liipfert Bernhard McPherson and Hand. He was an adviser to the Bosnian government during the Dayton peace talks, and to the Kosovar Albanian delegation at the Rambouillet peace talks. In 2004, he was named an honorary citizen of Kosova. Mr. Harris currently chairs the Department of Defense’s Balkans Working Group. He also is a trustee of Graceland University. Mr. Harris is the co-author of Bringing War Criminals to Justice and is frequent contributor of op-ed articles to The New York Times and other major newspapers. He has been profiled in The New York Times, Washington Post, and National Journal. Mr. Harris received a J.D. degree from Tulane University and his A.B. degree from the College of William and Mary. Additionally, he has studied at both Cambridge University and Syracuse University. B. Jessie Hill is an Assistant Profess or of Law and Assistant Direct or of the Institute for Global Security Law and Policy at the Case Western Reserve University School of Law (Cleveland, Ohio, USA). A graduate of Harvard Law School, Ms. Hill specializes in civil rights and civil liberties, reproductive rights, religion and the state, and civil procedure. Before becoming a profess or, she practiced with a private law firm in Cleveland, Ohio, where her practice included civil litigation and criminal defense. She has also w orked as an att orney f or the national office of the American Civil Liberties Union in New York. In September 2004, she traveled to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to train Iraqi lawyers and judges in human rights law. R. Bruce Hitchner is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Classics at Tufts University. He is also Chairman of the Dayton Peace Accords Project, a non-profit organization devoted to peace implementation in the Balkans. He also serves as Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Archaeology. In 2002-2003 he was Laurance S. Rockefeller Fellow at the Center for Human Values at Princeton University. James Hooper is a Managing Director of the Public International Law & Policy Group. He is the former director of the Washington office of the International Crisis Group (ICG), an independent non-government global advocacy organization that focuses on conflict early alert, prevention and containment. He also directed ICG’s Balkan programs. In his prior capacity as executive director of the Balkan Action Council, a Washington-based non-profit organization, he analyzed the Balkan situation for the media in interviews with the Lehrer Newshour, CNN, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Bosnian television, BBC, Voice of America, National Public Radio, Radio Free Europe, and numerous other broadcasting outlets plus frequent interviews with major U.S. and foreign newspapers and news magazines. His frequent public speaking appearances included occasional testimony before Congress. He was the subject of a feature article in the New York Times "Public Lives" series in 1999. Previously, as a career United States diplomat with the Foreign Service for 25 years, Mr. Hooper served at assignments in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, during the 1973 October War; Beirut, Lebanon; Damascus, Syria, during the Lebanon civil war and formative years of the Arab-Israel peace process; Tripoli, Libya, during the Qadhafi-inspired mob attacks against the American Embassy; London, England; Kuwait, where as Deputy Ambassador he negotiated and implemented the naval protection agreement for reflagged Kuwaiti oil tankers; and Warsaw, Poland, where as Deputy Ambassador he led the effort to prepare Poland’s post-communist government and military for NATO membership. He also served as the State Department’s director of Canadian Affairs and as diplomat-in-residence at the Political Science Department of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. While serving as deputy director of the office of East European and Yugoslav affairs from 1989-91, he was responsible for managing U.S. bilateral relations with the Balkan and Baltic states. He retired from the Foreign Service in 1997. Mr. Hooper was the most senior dissenter on Bosnia policy within the Department of State. He met with two secretaries of state, numerous senior Department officials, White House staff members, and gatherings of Foreign Service officers to promote an alternative approach to the Balkan crisis from 1991-1994. Mr. Hooper received his Master of International Affairs degree from Columbia University in New York and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the American University’s School of International Service in Washington, D.C. For the past three summers he has served as a Scholar in Residence with American University's Human Rights Institute. Bruce Janigian, A.B., J.D., LL.M., is Acting Dean of the Law Department of the American University of Armenia and US delegate in the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Mr. Janigian's international appointments have included the vice presidency and directorship of the Salzburg Seminar, Fulbright and visiting professorships in international law, attorney adviser for the US Agency for International Development, and legal counsel for the US Navy. His California appointments have included chairman of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board, and deputy director and general counsel of the California Employment Development Department. He has been a scholar at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace and has taught public and private international law in the US and overseas for the past 30 years.Vanessa J. Jiménez, Esq., For the past thirteen years, Ms. Jiménez has been working and studying in the field of international law and human rights. Currently she is assisting the Public International Law and Policy Group (PILPG) in the preparation of several publications regarding the drafting of post-conflict constitutions and peace agreements. These publications address such matters as fair and transparent elections, power sharing and autonomy arrangements, economic restructuring, and minority rights. Ms Jiménez is also assisting the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons in the drafting of a book about constitutionalism, self-determination, and ethnic conflict in Africa. The publication posits that many internal conflicts could be avoided or resolved if nation states draft constitutions and legal frameworks that adequately address minority rights and reflect the diverse ethnic makeup and traditional cultures and values of the people themselves. Ms. Jiménez has worked in each of the public, private and government sectors. Through her past and present work with such institutions and organizations as the Human Rights Watch, the Indian Law Resource Center, PILPG, and the American University (as an Adjunct Professor in international law), Ms. Jiménez has obtained valuable knowledge and experience in areas such as: minority rights, international organizations, the negotiations of international instruments, peace and conflict resolution, humanitarian law, the self-determination of peoples, constitutionalism, peace keeping and sanctions, truth and accountability issues, international financial institutions, government transparency and civil society participation. Ms. Jiménez received her undergraduate degree in international affairs from James Madison University in 1991 and graduated summa cum laude from the American University’s Washington College of Law in 1998. Yoonie Kim is a Peace Fellow with the Public International Law & Policy Group (PILPG). For the past two years, Ms. Kim has led the Iraq Program—a component of the think tank portion of PILPG—identifying, assessing and analyzing Iraq’s technical legal assistance needs. In this capacity, Ms. Kim has served as PILPG’s in-house expert on Arab and Islamic constitutions and Iraq constitutional issues, as well as PILPG’s principal drafter. Most recently, Ms. Kim, along with several other PILPG members, was invited by the Chair of the Iraq Constitution Drafting Committee to provide technical legal assistance with drafting the new Iraqi constitution. In her work for PILPG, Ms. Kim has focused on post-conflict constitutions and transitional governance in the Middle East, drafting legal memoranda on constitutional issues: executive structure, legislative organization, judicial independence and human rights. Additionally, she has conducted research and drafted legal and policy memoranda on power-sharing, restitution of property claims, repatriation of internally displaced persons and refugees, and allocation of oil resources. Ms. Kim has developed two negotiation simulations (“Iraq: Constitution Building” and “Iraq: Negotiating an Equitable Allocation of Oil Resources”) for PILPG, utilizing the methodology employed by the U.S. Department of State’s National Foreign Affairs Training Institute, which runs similar exercises to prepare U.S. diplomats for negotiations. She has run these one-day negotiation simulations in Washington, D.C. for policy-makers, academics and professionals. Previously, Ms. Kim worked for the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) in its Rule of Law Program, where she provided legal and policy research on the following: constitution-making and the administration of justice in post-war settings; justice and accountability in the transition from conflict to democratic governance; and evolving international standards on the rule of law. Ms. Kim received her J.D. from the Washington College of Law. She holds a B.A., magna cum laude, in Sociology from the University of Washington in Seattle. Orde F. Kittrie is an Associate Professor of Law at Arizona State University College of Law where he teaches Criminal Law, Public International Law, Homeland Security Law, and a seminar on Law Reform and International Political and Economic Development. Professor Kittrie has authored several columns for the Arizona Republic newspaper, and has been profiled both by the Arizona Republic and La Voz, a Phoenix-area Spanish-language newspaper. Professor Kittrie is the the former Senior Attorney and Advisory to the Under Secretary of State for Public Affairs and Diplomacy. He is also former the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Economic, Business & Agricultural Affairs where he played a leading role in the negotiation of The Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention. He also served as a Senior State Department Attorney for Nuclear Affairs and as a State Department Attorney-Advisory for Arms & Dual-Use Trade Controls. Professor Kittrie earned his JD from the University of Michigan Law School, with honors, and his BA from Yale University. Karin M. Krchnak is Program Manager for the Population & Environment Program with the National Wildlife Federation. She is also Co-Chair of the UN CSD Freshwater Caucus. Prior to this, she was Country Director for Western Newly Independent States and Director of the Environmental Law Program for the American Bar Association. In addition, she has worked as an environmental attorney for Science Applications International Corporation and the Environmental Law Institute, and as an editor for the East Asian Legal Studies Program at the University of Maryland School of Law. Ms. Krchnak received her A.B. in Political Science from Duke University and her J.D. from the University of Maryland School of Law. Ms. Krchnak serves as Adjunct Faculty at the University of Maryland School of Law and has taught at universities and law faculties overseas. Andrew J. Lorentz is counsel in Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr’s Financial Institutions and Corporate Departments. Mr. Lorentz has a broad-based transactional and regulatory practice with particular emphasis on transactions and counseling in the area of financial regulation. With significant expertise in the area of electronic payment systems, Mr. Lorentz has substantial experience in cross-border services agreements, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, licensing, distribution and other general commercial agreements across a variety of industries. His counseling practice runs the range of consumer protection and compliance issues under the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, Regulation E, Truth-in-Lending, Regulation Z, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, E-SIGN and the various credit card regimes. During his residency in the firm’s Brussels, Belgium office from 2000 to July 2002, Mr. Lorentz represented participants in several major EC merger control procedures, including America Online/Time Warner, Unilever/Bestfoods, BP/Veba Oel, and Tetra Laval/Sidel. He also has significant experience in counseling clients on the EC competition law implications of business practices under Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty and related regulations, together with US antitrust experience including merger review and compliance. Before practicing law, Mr. Lorentz was an intelligence professional. He served as an intelligence analyst for the US Drug Enforcement Administration, investigating illicit drug activity in Colombia and Bolivia and representing the agency before the US intelligence community. He also served as an intelligence officer in the US Army, during which time he was assigned to the Pershing Missile Command in Germany. Mr. Lorentz received numerous awards for his outstanding service while on active duty. Mr. Lorentz is a member of the American Bar Association and other professional organizations. Frederick (Rick) Lorenz grew up in New York City and obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from Marquette University. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps for twenty-seven years as a judge advocate, including a tour as an infantry company commander. He obtained an LLM (With Highest Honors) from George Washington University in Land Use Management and Control and practiced environmental/land use law between 1982 and 1991. In 1992 he joined the First Marine Expeditionary Force and was the senior legal advisor for the United Nations authorized military intervention in Somalia, and returned there as senior legal advisor for the UN evacuation in 1995. In 1996 he served in Bosnia as a legal advisor for the NATO implementation force, and went on to teach Political Science at the National Defense University. After his retirement from the Marine Corps as a colonel in 1998 he spent a year as a Fulbright Senior Scholar in St Petersburg, Russia, teaching courses in international law and US foreign policy. In 2000 he served as a United Nations legal affairs officer in Kosovo, working in the UN Civil Administration. He currently lectures at the Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, and is an Adjunct Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law. His research and writing projects focus on water and security in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, including Turkey, Syria and Iraq. His current courses include International Humanitarian Law, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Water and Security in the Middle East. He resides with his wife Joan in Tacoma, Washington. Shibani Malhotra currently resides in Hanoi, Vietnam. In Vietnam, Ms. Malhotra most recently served as an International Legal Consultant to the United Nations Children’s Fund. She also served as an International Legal Consultant and a Consultant Editor to the United Nations Development Programme in Hanoi. Prior to this, Ms. Malhotra was an Associate with Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky LLP in Washington, DC. Ms. Malhotra earned her JD from American University, Washington College of Law and her MA from American University School of International Service in 1999 where she was the Valentin Fuentes Fellow and previously received the Presidential Scholarship. She received her BA from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Ms. Malhotra’s language capabilities include English, Hindi, French, and Vietnamese. Linda A. Malone is the Marshall-Wythe Foundation Professor of Law at the College of William and Mary School of Law and Director of its Human Rights and National Security Law Program. She has been a Visiting Professor at the University of Virginia Law School, Washington and Lee Law School, Duke University, the University of Arizona, and University of Denver law schools and has taught at the University of Illinois Law School and University of Arkansas Law School in Fayetteville. She is the author of numerous articles and has authored or co-authored ten books on international law, human rights, and environmental law, most recently including "Defending the Environment: Civil Society Strategies to Enforce International Environmental Law." Her book, "Environmental Regulation of Land Use," is the preeminent book in that field. She is a member of the American Law Institute and serves on the Environmental Law Commission of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). She was also the Associate Editor of the Yearbook of International Environmental Law and has served on the Advisory Council to the National Enforcement Training Institute of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Board of Visitors of Duke Law School, the Board of Directors of the American Agricultural Law Association, and as chair of the agricultural law section of the American Association of Law Schools. She was a delegate to the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development in Rio in 1992, co-counsel to Bosnia-Herzegovina in its genocide case against Serbia and Montenegro before the World Court, co-counsel to Paraguay in its challenge to the death penalty in Paraguay v. Virginia, and counsel for amicus in the Supreme Court case of Padilla v. Rumsfeld. In 1998 she received the Fulbright/OSCE Regional Research Award to conduct research on women's and children's rights in Eastern Europe and in 2002 received a grant from the National Endowment for Humanities, State Department and International Research and Exchange Board in continuance of her work. Professor Malone received her B.A. from Vassar, her J.D. from Duke, where she was Research and Managing Editor of the Duke Law Journal, and her LL.M. from the University of Illinois. Prior to joining the William and Mary faculty in 1988, she served as a law clerk for the Honorable Wilbur F. Pell, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and practiced law in Chicago and Atlanta. She is has served on the ABA’s Special Subcommittee on the Rights of the Child, which is working on passage of the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, on two committees of the National Academy of Sciences, and was the consultant and author on water quality for the report of the Congressionally created U.S. Ocean Commission. She is also on the Board of Advisors of Karamah, a non-profit organization of Muslim woman lawyers for human rights. In 2000 she received the first Millenium Award of the Virginia Women’s Bar Association, given to a professor, a judge, and a practitioner for their contribution to the role of women and women’s rights in the law. Florent Mazurelle followed a double curriculum program in Paris X University, studying both French law and Anglo-American law with a specific interest for public law and international relations. JD ("maîtrise") obtained with honors majoring in Public International Law and EC Law. LL.M in International Legal Studies obtained at the Washington College of Law, earning the “ Outstanding Research and Writing Skills ” Award for his research on the World Bank (Inspection Panel, accountability and CDF) and on legal responses to the Khmer Rouge Crimes. Dean’s Fellow in Public International Law with special focus on treaty and state succession. Mazurelle then practised public international law for the European Space Agency, an intergovernmental organisation. His interests have led him to increasingly work on policy issues, specifically relating to the European Union. He is now seconded to the European Commission as a Space Policy Expert for Cooperation and Development. Mazurelle has written several articles and actively participates in pro bono legal projects. John F. Murphy is Professor of Law at Villanova University. In addition to teaching, his career has included a year in India on a Ford Foundation Fellowship, private practice in New York and Washington, D.C., and service in the office of the Assistant Legal Adviser for United Nations Affairs, U.S. Department of State. He was previously on the law faculty at the University of Kansas, and has been a visiting professor at Cornell University and Georgetown University. From 1980-81 he was the Charles H. Stockton Professor of International Law at the Naval War College. Professor Murphy is the author or editor of several books and monographs. He is also the author of numerous articles, comments and reviews on international law and relations. Twice the recipient of the Ethel and Raymond F. Rice Prize for faculty scholarship at the University of Kansas Law School, as well as a recipient of the Certificate of Merit from the American Society of International Law in 1992, Professor Murphy has served as consultant to the U.S. Departments of State and Justice, the ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security, and the United Nations Crime Bureau, and has testified before Congress on several occasions. He is currently the American Bar Association’s Alternate Observer at the U .S. Mission to the United Nations. Professor Mike Newton came to Vanderbilt having most recently served as an Associate Professor in the Department of Law, United States Military Academy. His principal responsibilities at Vanderbilt will involve teaching practice-based courses relating to international law and developing externships and other educational opportunities for students interested in international legal issues. Professor Newton has developed a broad network of contacts with federal government agencies, intergovernmental organizations, international tribunals, and non-governmental organizations based on his many years of work on behalf of the United States government relating to international law in general and international criminal law in particular. In his previous capacity as the Senior Advisor to the United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues, he implemented a wide range of policies relating to the law of armed conflict and international criminal law. He has served as an advisor to Iraqi jurists on international legal issues and was active in the effort to establish the Iraq Special Tribunal. He was the U.S. representative on the U.N. Planning Mission for the Sierra Leone Special Court and was a member of the academic consortium supporting the work of the Special Court. From January 1999 to August 2000, he served as the Special Advisor in the Office of War Crimes Issues, where he negotiated the Elements of Crimes document for the International Criminal Court. He also coordinated information-sharing between the FBI and the Yugoslav Tribunal and worked in Kosovo on forensics fieldwork in support of the indictment of former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic. Professor Newton began his distinguished military career after graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point. He served as an armor officer in the 4th Battalion, 68th Armor, Fort Carson, Colorado until his selection for the Judge Advocate General’s Funded Legal Education Program. Professor Newton received his JD from the University of Virginia School of Law in May 1990, and an LLM. in international law from the University of Virginia in 2001. He is a member of the Virginia Bar and has published numerous scholarly articles. In his capacity as an operational military attorney, Professor Newton served with the United States Army Special Forces Command (Airborne), Fort Bragg, North Carolina in support of units participating in Desert Storm. Following duty as the Chief of Operational Law, he served as the Group Judge Advocate for the 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne) and then six months as an Administrative Law Attorney. Professor Newton deployed on Operation Provide Comfort in Northern Iraq, as well as a number of other exercises and operations. From 1993-1995 he was reassigned as the Brigade Judge Advocate for the 194th Armored Brigade (Separate), during which time he organized and led the human rights and rules of engagement education for all Multinational Forces and International Police deploying into Haiti. Professor Newton is a highly sought after speaker on international law, accountability, and conduct of hostilities issues. He has received numerous military decorations during his distinguished career. Gregory P. Noone is a member of the Public International Law and Policy Group (PILPG) and teaches at West Virginia University where he is also completing a Ph.D. Prior to arriving at WVU, Noone worked for the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), an independent, nonpartisan federal institution created by the U.S. Congress to promote research, education, and training on the prevention, management and peaceful resolution of international conflicts. While at USIP, Noone received a Special Act Award for his work in Afghanistan. Noone previously served as a judge advocate in the U.S. Navy. He held various positions in the Navy including the acting Head of the International Law Branch and the Foreign Military Rights Affairs Branch in the Navy Judge Advocate General's (JAG) International and Operational Law Division at the Pentagon. Noone also served at the Defense Institute of International Legal Studies (DIILS) where he trained senior military, governmental and non-governmental civilian personnel in 23 countries. Most notably, he has trained members of the Iraqi National Congress, the post-genocide government in Rwanda, the post-Taliban government in Afghanistan, civil society in the Sudan, and senior members of the Russian government. Noone has also worked as a government prosecutor and a criminal defense counsel. He received a B.A. in Political Science from Villanova University, an M.A. in International Affairs from The Catholic University of America, and a J.D. from Suffolk University Law School. Noone is currently a Commander in the United States Naval Reserve and is the Prospective Executive Officer of his unit. Noone is also an adjunct Professor of Law at Roger Williams University School of Law and Case Western Reserve University School of Law where he teaches International Law, Genocide in the 20th Century, International Humanitarian Law and U.S. Military Law and Legal Policies. He has published and presented articles on the Rwandan Genocide, the International Criminal Court, and Military Tribunals at numerous forums. Noone appears regularly as a commentator on international and national TV and radio. Robert M. Perito is the Coordinator of the Iraq/Afghanistan Experience Project and former Senior Fellow at the United States Institute of Peace. He is an expert on peace and stability operations, police and constabulary forces, organized crime, terrorism, and US national security affairs. Mr. Perito came to USIP after a distinguished career in government service. From 1967 to 1995, he was a United States Foreign Service Officer with the Department of State, retiring with rank of Minister Counselor. His last assignment was Director of the Office of International Criminal Justice where he received a Superior Honor Award for chairing the Administration’s Task Force on Combating International Alien Smuggling. Mr. Perito’s State Department assignments included directorships of the Offices of Chinese Affairs, Southern African Affairs, and Eastern European Affairs and Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of State. His diplomatic assignments included Beijing, Hong Kong, Taiwan and the U.S. Mission to the United Nations in Geneva. In 1992, he received a Presidential Meritorious Honor Award for leading the U.S. delegation to the successful Angola peace talks. From 1995 to 2001, Mr. Perito served as Deputy Director of the U.S. Justice Department’s International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program. During his tenure, ICITAP grew into a global law enforcement development program that worked in Haiti , Bosnia , Kosovo East Timor and more than 70 other countries. In 1988-89, Mr. Perito served in the White House as Deputy Executive Secretary of the National Security Council under President’s Reagan and Bush. From 1983-84, he was Director of the Office of Chinese Affairs at the Department of Commerce. In 1980, Mr. Perito was an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellow and worked for the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Mr. Perito holds faculty appointments at Princeton, American and George Mason Universities. His most recent book is entitled Where is the Lone Ranger When We Need Him? America’s Search for a Post Conflict Security Force. He is also the author of The American Experience with Police in Peace Operations, USIP Special Reports concerning Iraq and Afghanistan, book chapters and journal articles. In 1965-67, Mr. Perito was a Peace Corps Volunteer in Nigeria where he served as a provincial Rural Development Officer. He holds a BA from the University of Denver and an MA in Peace Operations Policy from George Mason University. He attended Columbia University’s Graduate School of International Affairs and graduated from the State Department’s School of Chinese Language and Area Studies in Taiwan. Shelby R. Quast has over 20 years experience working internationally in a broad range of international activities, including legal and judicial reform, drafting laws, analyzing laws, negotiating treaties and agreements, interpreting treaties and international human rights standards, teaching, lobbying, commercial law, customs, arbitration, litigation, transactions, trade, and project finance. She has traveled extensively including Europe, Eastern Europe, Australia, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America and the Middle East. She was a 2005/2006 Fulbright Scholar to India. Her work as the Director of the International Legal Assistance Consortium, where she is also a founding member, has taken her to Haiti, Liberia, East Timor, and Afghanistan. She was formerly an Associate with Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering where her work focused in the areas of commercial law, international public policy, international arbitration, litigation, international transactions, and human rights and included counseling foreign governments, corporations, NGOs and IGOs. Ms. Quast received her JD from Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law, summa cum laude with the Catholic University International and Comparative Law Institute certificate. She also completed the International Law Program at Jagellonian University in Krakow, Poland. Ms. Quast received her BA in International Business from the University of Oregon and her International Business Certificate from the Danish International Study Program in Copenhagen, Denmark. Christopher Rassi is an associate with the law firm of Thompson Hine LLP. Mr. Rassi is also an Adjunct Professor and Deputy Director of the Cox Center War Crimes Research Office at Case Western Reserve University School of Law. In 2004, Mr. Rassi served as Law Clerk to the Honorable Yvonne Mokgoro, Constitutional Court of South Africa and in 2003 he was a Frederick K. Cox International Law Center Post-Graduate Fellow, clerking for Judge Weinberg de Roca, Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Michael Rowe was born in London in December 1970. Following upon school education, he entered King’s College London in 1989 to read medieval and modern history, and was awarded a BA degree in 1992. In 1993, he was awarded a grant from the British Academy allowing him to embark upon doctoral research in the University of Cambridge . His research, which concerned the impact of Napoleonic imperialism in Germany, was supervised by Professor T. C. W. Blanning, and involved archival visits to France and Germany. He successfully defended his thesis in 1996. In that year, he was awarded a three-year Prize Research Fellowship by Nuffield College, University of Oxford. This enabled him to continue his research, which focused especially on state formation and nation building in modern Europe. In 1999, he took up a lectureship in Queen’s University Belfast, and in 2004 returned to King’s College London as lecturer in modern European history. In 2004, he became a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. William A. Schabas is director of the Irish Centre for Human Rights at the National University of Ireland, Galway, where he also holds the chair in human rights law. Professor Schabas holds B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Toronto and LL.B., LL.M. and LL.D. degrees from the University of Montreal. William Schabas is an Officer in the Order of Canada. Publications by Professor Schabas include: Introduction to the International Criminal Court (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, 2 nd ed.), Genocide in International Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 3 rd ed.), International Human Rights Law and the Canadian Charter (Toronto, Carswell, 1996, 2 nd ed.), The Death Penalty as Cruel Treatment and Torture (Boston, Northeastern University Press, 1996) and Précis du droit international des droits de la personne (Montréal, Éditions Yvon Blais, 1997). He has also published more than 170 articles in academic journals, principally in the field of international human rights law. Professor Schabas is editor-in-chief of Criminal Law Forum, the quarterly journal of the International Society for the Reform of Criminal Law. Professor Schabas has often been invited to participate in international human rights missions on behalf of non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International (International Secretariat), the International Federation of Human Rights, and the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development to Rwanda, Burundi, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Cambodia and Guyana. He has worked as a consultant to the Ministry of Justice of Rwanda, the United States Agency for International Development and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. He was a delegate of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy to the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, Rome, June 15- July 17, 1998. He is a member of the board of several international human rights organizations and institutions, including the International Institute for Criminal Investigation, of which he is chair, and the International Institute for Human Rights (Strasbourg), of which he is treasurer. From 1991 to 2000, William Schabas was professor of human rights law and criminal law at the Département des sciences juridiques of the Université du Québec à Montréal, a Department he chaired from 1994-1998; he now holds the honorary position of professeur associé at that institution. He has also taught as a visiting or adjunct professor at McGill University, Universit é de Genève, Université de Montréal, Université de Montpellier, Université de Paris X-Nanterre, Université de Paris XI, Université de Paris II Pantheon-Assas, Dalhousie University and University of Rwanda, and he has lectured at the International Institute for Human Rights (Strasbourg), the Canadian Foreign Service Institute, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research and the Pearson Peacekeeping Centre. He has the title of honorary professor in human rights at the Law Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing. Professor Schabas joined the Quebec Bar in 1984, and was a member of the Quebec Human Rights Tribunal from 1996 to 2000. Professor Schabas was a senior fellow at the United States Institute of Peace in Washington during the academic year 1998-99. In 1998, Professor Schabas was awarded the Bora Laskin Research Fellowship in Human Rights by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. In May 2002, the President of Sierra Leone appointed Professor Schabas to the country’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, upon the recommendation of Mary Robinson, the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights. Michael Scharf is Professor of Law and Director of the Frederick K. Cox International Law Center at Case Western Reserve University School of Law. After graduating from Duke University Magna Cum Laude with distinction in Political Science and from Duke Law School with High Honors/Order of the Coif, Scharf clerked for Judge Gerald B. Tjoflat on the Eleventh Circuit Federal Court of Appeals. During the first Bush and Clinton Administrations, Scharf served in the Office of the Legal Adviser of the U.S. Department of State, where he held the positions of Counsel to the Counter-Terrorism Bureau, Attorney-Adviser for Law Enforcement and Intelligence, Attorney-Adviser for United Nations Affairs, and delegate to the United Nations General Assembly and to the United Nations Human Rights Commission. In 1993, he was awarded the State Department's Meritorious Honor Award "in recognition of superb performance and exemplary leadership." Prior to joining the faculty of Case Western Reserve, Scharf served as Professor of Law and Director of the Center for International Law and Policy at New England School of Law, and as a visiting professor at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Tufts University), the University of Paris X, the National University of Ireland in Galway, and the Australian National University in Canberra. He teaches criminal law, criminal procedure, public international law, international criminal law, international humanitarian law, the law of international organizations, and international human rights law. Scharf is the author of over forty scholarly articles and seven books, including Balkan Justice, which was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1998, The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, which was awarded the American Society of International Law's Certificate of Merit for the Outstanding book in International Law in 1999, Peace with Justice, which won the International Association of Penal Law Book of the Year Award for 2003, and casebooks on The Law of International Organizations and International Criminal Law. Scharf has testified as an expert before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee; his Op Eds have been published by the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Boston Globe, Christian Science Monitor, and International Herald Tribune; he has appeared as a commentator on ABC News (Nightline with Ted Koppel), Fox News (The O'Reilly Factor), PBS (The Charlie Rose Show), CNN, Court TV, the BBC's The World, and National Public Radio (Morning Edition). Scharf has served as Chairman of the District of Columbia Bar's International Law Section, the American Bar Association's International Institutions Committee, and the American Society of International Law's International Organizations Committee. He is currently President of the American National Section of the International Association of Penal Law; Chairman of the Board of Directors of the International Law Students Association, a member of the Executive Committee of the American Branch of the International Law Association, member of the Board of Directors of the International Legal Assistance Consortium, and Executive Director of the Public International Law & Policy Group. Louis Sell is the Executive Director of the American University in Kosovo Foundation (AUKF). He helped establish the American University in Kosovo, which opened its doors in October 2003. A retired Foreign Service Officer, Louis Sell worked for 28 years with the U.S. Department of State, including eight years each in Yugoslavia and the former Soviet Union and Russia. He served as US representative to the Joint Consultative Group in Vienna, as Director of the Office of Russian and Eurasian Analysis, and as Executive Secretary of the US delegation to the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks. From 1995 - 1996 he served as political deputy to Carl Bildt, the first High Representative for Bosnian Peace Implementation. In that capacity he attended the Dayton Peace Conference and participated in the first year of implementation of the Dayton accords. In 2000 he served as Kosovo Director of the International Crisis Group. He speaks Serbo-Croatian, Russian, and French. He has a B. A. from Franklin and Marshall College (1969) and an M. A. from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Affairs. Mr. Sell's political biography of Slobodan Milosevic, Slobodan Milosevic and the Destruction of Yugoslavia, was published by Duke University Press in 2002. He is currently at work on a book on the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. He serves as an adjunct professor at the University of Maine at Farmington and lives with his family in a 200-year-old house on a Christmas tree farm in Whitefield, Maine. Scott L. Silliman joined the faculty of Duke University School of Law in September of 1993 and is a Professor of the Practice of Law, as well as Executive Director of the Law School's Center on Law, Ethics and National Security. He also holds appointments as an Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and at North Carolina Central University. Professor Silliman received his B.A. in Philosophy in 1965 and his J.D. in 1968 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He participated in a four year Air Force ROTC program during his undergraduate days at UNC and was called to active duty as an Air Force judge advocate in November of 1968. During his career as a military attorney, he held a variety of leadership positions, including staff judge advocate (the senior attorney) at two large installations and three major Air Force commands. In his last assignment, as the senior attorney for Tactical Air Command and later Air Combat Command, he was general counsel to the commander of the largest principal organization within the Air Force, with 185,000 military and civilian personnel at 46 primary locations throughout the world. In this capacity, he managed a command law firm of 715 active duty and reserve lawyers, paralegals and civilian support staff. During the Persian Gulf War, he supervised the deployment of all Air Force attorneys and paralegals incident to Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm. On August 31, 1993, after 25 years of service, he retired from the Air Force in the grade of colonel to assume his current position at Duke. Professor Silliman's teaching and research interests focus on national security law (which he teaches at three different law schools within the state), international humanitarian law, and operational law. He is widely sought throughout the country as a guest lecturer on the Law of War, and is a frequent commentator on CNN, National Public Radio, and other national radio and television news programs on issues involving military law and national security. In his capacity as Executive Director of the Center on Law, Ethics and National Security, he promotes teaching, research and publications in national security law, and sponsors or co-sponsors three major, nationally-recognized conferences each year. He also serves on the Faculty Advisory Committee for the Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law. Professor Silliman is a member of the ABA's Standing Committee on Law and National Security, and the Judge Advocates Association, a national organization of active duty, reserve and retired judge advocates from all the services. Patricia Taft has been a Senior Associate in the Peace and Stability Operations project and State Building project with the Fund for Peace since 2003. She has traveled to more than thirty countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe conducting research on the political will and military capacities of regional organizations to respond to humanitarian emergencies. Before joining the Fund, she worked for the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) on projects examining the role of stability police in peacekeeping operations, the rule of law and transitional justice in post-conflict societies, and the rise of the Al Qaeda network. She was also senior research associate with the Public International Law and Policy Group (PILPG) where she was the lead US coordinator for a legal team providing pro bono advice to a delegate to the Somalia peace talks. Ms. Taft has advised clients in the Balkans, the Caucasus, Asia and Africa on security sector reform and transitional justice. She earned her Bachelor's degree in History with distinction from Temple University and was a Dean's Fellow at American University where she earned her Master's degree in International Relations with a specialization in gender and peacekeeping policy. Prior to beginning her graduate studies, she lived and worked in Central and Southeastern Europe. She has published editorials and journal articles on the topics of international law, humanitarian intervention, regional cooperation and civil society empowerment. Robert F. Turner is Professor and Associated Director of the Center for National Security Law at the University of Virginia Law School. He holds both professional and academic doctorates from the University of Virginia School of Law. He co-founded the Center for National Security Law with Professor John Norton Moore in April 1981 and has served as its Associate Director since then except for two periods of government service in the 1980s and during 1994-95, when he occupied the Charles H. Stockton Chair of International Law at the U.S. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island . A veteran of two Army tours in Vietnam, he served as a Research Associate and Public Affairs Fellow at Stanford's Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace before spending five years in the mid-1970s as national security adviser to Senator Robert P. Griffin, a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He has also served in the Pentagon as Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, in the White House as Counsel to the President's Intelligence Oversight Board, at the State Department as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs, and as the first President of the congressionally established United States Institute of Peace. Melissa A. Waters is an Assistant Professor of Law at Washington & Lee School of Law where she currently teaches international law, U.S. foreign relations law, conflicts of law, and civil procedure (with legal writing). Previously, Professor Waters was a Visiting Assistant Professor at Case Western Reserve University where she served as Acting Director of the War Crimes Research Office. Previously, Professor Waters has served as a Consultant to the Soros Foundation Open Society Institute, and as a Senior Advisor to the U.S. State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights & Labor. She was a Litigation Associate with Williams & Connolly, and served as the Judicial Clerk for the Honorable Morris S. Arnold on the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. Professor Waters received her J.D. from Yale Law School where she won the Charles G. Albom Prize. She received her B.A. in History, magna cum laude, from Yale University where she was awarded Distinction in the History Major. Geoffrey R. Watson was born in Toronto, Canada, but grew up in the northeast United States. He attended college at Yale, from which he received a B.A. cum laude in history in 1982. He then enrolled at Harvard Law School, where he was a notes editor of the Harvard Law Review. He received his J.D. cum laude in 1986. After graduating from law school, Professor Watson served as a law clerk to the Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, Harrison L. Winter, in Baltimore. From 1987 – 1991, Professor Watson served as an attorney-adviser in the Office of the Legal Adviser of the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. While at the State Department, Professor Watson specialized in international criminal law and in legal aspects of U.S. policy in the Middle East. In 1991 he became an assistant professor of law at the University of Puget Sound School of Law (now the Seattle University School of Law) in Tacoma, Washington. He went to Catholic University of America as a visiting associate professor in 1995, and he joined the full-time faculty in 1998. Professor Watson is the author of numerous articles on international law, and has recently published a book on the Oslo Accords. He teaches contracts, criminal law, constitutional law, public international law, international human rights law, comparative law, and the history of early American law. Paul R. Williams holds the Rebecca Grazier Professorship in Law and International Relations at the American University where he teaches in the School of International Service and the Washington College of Law. Professor Williams is also Executive Director of the Public International Law & Policy Group which provides pro bono legal assistance to developing states and states in transition. Previously, Professor Williams served in the Department of State’s Office of the Legal Advisor for European and Canadian Affairs, as a Senior Associate with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and as a Fulbright Research Scholar at the University of Cambridge. During the course of his legal practice, Professor Williams has assisted nearly a dozen states and sub-state entities in major international peace negotiations, and has served as a delegation member in the Dayton, Rambouillet/Paris, Key West, Lake Ohrid/Skopje, and Belgrade/Podgorica negotiations. He has also advised fifteen governments across Europe, Africa and Asia on matters of public international law. Professor Williams has authored four books on topics of international human rights, international environmental law and international norms of justice, and over fifteen articles on a wide variety of public international law topics. He regularly publishes op-eds in major newspapers and is frequently interviewed by major print and broadcast media. Professor Williams earned his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge, his J.D. from Stanford Law School, and his B.A. from the University of California at Davis. David Wippman is the Vice Provost for International Relations and Professor of Law at Cornell University Law School. An accomplished authority in international law, human rights, and ethnic conflict, Professor Wippman took a year away from Cornell Law School’s faculty to serve the Clinton Administration as Director of the National Security Council’s Office of Multilateral and Humanitarian Affairs from 1998-99. During his tenure at the White House, Professor Wippman assisted in the formulation of U.S. policy on war crimes, UN political issues, and economic sanctions. Prior to law school, Professor Wippman earned his B.A., summa cum laude, from Princeton University, and his M.A. from Yale University. After graduation from Yale Law School, he clerked for the Honorable Wilfred Feinberg, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. He practiced law in Washington DC from 1983 until joining the Cornell Law School’s faculty in 1992.
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